Encryption is like locking a message in a safe. It transforms readable data (plaintext) into an unreadable format (ciphertext) using a mathematical algorithm and a secret key. Only those with the correct key can unlock (decrypt) and read the message.
- Sender Composes a Message
Let’s say you’re sending a text: "Meet me at 5 PM." This is the plaintext. - Encryption Process Begins
- An encryption algorithm (e.g., AES or RSA) scrambles the message into something unreadable, like "X7K9P2M+Q=".
- A key (a string of characters or numbers) is used by the algorithm to perform this transformation.
- In symmetric encryption, the same key locks and unlocks the message. In asymmetric encryption, there’s a public key to lock it and a private key to unlock it.
- Encrypted Data is Sent
The ciphertext travels over the internet, a phone network, or another channel. If intercepted, it looks like gibberish without the key. - Recipient Decrypts the Message
- The recipient uses the appropriate key (same key in symmetric, private key in asymmetric) with the decryption algorithm.
- The ciphertext "X7K9P2M+Q=" turns back into "Meet me at 5 PM."
- Secure Communication Achieved
Only the intended recipient with the right key can access the original message, ensuring privacy and security.
